Student Activities for French Revolution
The activities in this lesson plan focus on different aspects of the French Revolution and Napoleon. The theme connecting these activities is analytical thinking. Since the French Revolution is about people making changes to their own society, students will be reflecting on what motivated the French people to act. In addition, they will analyze both the long and short-term ramifications of these “revolutionary” actions.
Essential Questions for The French Revolution
- What conditions lead to revolution?
- What were the causes of the French Revolution? To what extent do similar situations exist in our world today?
- Why did French citizens resort to using terror to keep their revolution going?
- How did Maximilien Robespierre gain and lose political power?
- What were the social and political changes caused by the French Revolution?
- What role did women play in the French Revolution?
- What perceptions did foreign nations have of Napoleon?
French Revolution Summary
Monarchy was not only very common in Europe in the 1700s, but the norm. As ideas on science and social issues evolved during the Enlightenment, many people questioned the validity of the "divine right of kings" and the ruling of a very privileged few over the masses. The American Revolution, both as an example of rebellion and as a financial cause, helped pave the way for French revolutionaries to abolish the unjust absolute monarchy of the "Ancien Régime".
Poor harvests and high spending created incredibly high taxes on the Third Estate. The people could not afford to feed themselves, let alone support the costs of the military and the spending of "Madame Déficit". Extreme poverty and outrage over the availability of bread pushed many to action in the Women's March on Versailles and the storming of the Bastille. The people demanded to be heard and, left with few viable options, some turned to violence.
Thousands of people, including King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette, lost their lives to the guillotine, a device for efficient executions by beheading, at the behest of a populace in uproar. Political and civil unrest continued during the Reign of Terror. The French government took on many forms as the ideas of equality, liberty, and fraternity permeated the nation: absolute monarchy, constitutional monarchy, republic, and dictatorship. Napoleon Bonaparte, a commander in the French military, eventually established himself as a leader for France, and became the first emperor.
- Auguste Couder, <i>Le Serment du Jeu de paume (20 juin 1789)</i> • Institutnationaldhistoiredelart • License Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)
- Europe 1936 • uair01 • License Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)
- Hama. Before the war. • Ӎѧҧ@Ҷҿ • License Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)
- Nepal - Evening lights at Bhaktapur • dhilung • License Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)
- Old Cairo - Egypt • Emad Raúf • License Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)
- Paris • Moyan_Brenn • License Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)
- Paris • Moyan_Brenn • License Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)
- Rebull, La muerte de Marat • Joaquín Martínez Rosado • License Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)
- Supreme Court of the United States • Phil Roeder • License Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)
- Versailles 2012 • contemplicity • License Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)
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