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Cause and Effect in Flight to Freedom

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Text Structure - The Underground Railroad

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Activity Overview

Template and Class Instructions

Rubric

Activity Overview

Understanding text structure can improve students’ comprehension of the text. Examples of informational text structures include compare/contrast, chronological, cause/effect, and problem/solution. In this activity, students will identify the cause and effect relationships in the text.

Example 1

Cause: "Drastic laws made the Road illegal in the north."

Effect: Agents put "God’s law" above the law of the land; they believed in "universal freedom for mankind" so they created "stations" in an abandoned barns.

Example 2

Cause: The second Fugitive Slave law was passed in 1850.

Effect: The District of Columbia alone complained that in this period the number of its slaves had been reduced from 4694 to 640 by "underground railroads and felonious abductions."

Example 3

Cause: "Unaccustomed to making their own way, unused to the rigors of northern climate, many of them met poverty and disease."

Effect: "The Canadians, however, did much to help them; they were willing to absorb the fugitives into their national life, to share their work, and to give them aid in establishing farms."

Note: teachers may want to explore T-Chart writing before beginning this activity.

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Template and Class Instructions

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Student Instructions

Create a storyboard illustrating cause and effect relationships in Flight to Freedom.

Click "Start Assignment".
In the first column, identify an event, legislation, or action taken during the time of the Civil War and the Underground Railroad.
In the second column, describe the effects of that event, legislation, or action.
Create an illustration using appropriate scenes, items, and characters.
Save and exit when you're done.

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Lesson Plan Reference

Grade Level 4-5

Difficulty Level 3 (Developing to Mastery)

Type of Assignment Individual or Partner

Type of Activity: Cause and Effect within Plot

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Rubric

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Cause and Effect T-Chart

Create a T-Chart storyboard that shows cause and effect relationships in the story. Each cause and effect pair will be shown in the same row.

	Proficient	Emerging	Beginning
Cause	All events on the left side of the T-Chart are correctly identified as causes. These events are why something else happened.	Most events on the left side of the T-Chart are correctly identified as causes or why something else happened.	Few or no events on the left side of the T-Chart are correctly identified as causes or why something else happened.
Effect	All events on the right side of the T-Chart are correctly identified as effects. These events are direct results of something else.	Most events on the right side of the T-Chart are correctly identified as effects or direct results of something else.	Few or no events on the right side of the T-Chart are correctly identified as effects or direct results of something else.
Images	Images clearly show the events in the story that have been identified as causes and effects.	Images show events from the story, but not all images match the cause and effect events.	Images do not represent the story or are missing.
Cause and Effect Relationship	All rows correctly show cause events in the story having a direct effect on the effect events.	Most rows correctly show cause events in the story having a direct effect on the effect events.	Few or no rows correctly show cause events in the story having a direct effect on the effect events.

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