Archetype Definition: a common character, image, symbol, or situation that occurs in literature and in life, and considered to be universal across most cultures
Archetype - Universal Ideas
All works of literature from all time periods and cultures are recognized to have similar themes and ideas, despite their geographical distance from one another. What causes this phenomenon? Many of these stories explore the most common theme of all: the human condition. Humans are brave, flawed, and face many dangers, both internally and from nature, and these are often reflected in common ways in stories across the globe. Authors of these stories use archetypes to create a setting, form, characters, or symbols that are universal. Readers often feel more connected to works of literature that use ideas and concepts they are already familiar with. For example, the Bildungsroman is an archetypal form of literature that many readers will recognize immediately. In Great Expectations by Charles Dickens and To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, both Pip and Scout face villains, tests, have allies and mentors, and reach a point of maturity on their journeys from childhood to adulthood. Readers that are already familiar with these ideas and concepts can see deeper meanings revealed by the archetypes.
Notable Archetype Examples in Literature
Characters
The Villain- Roger Chillingworth in The Crucible
The Mentor
- Merlyn in The Once and Future King
The Sidekick
- Huck Finn in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Symbols or Motifs
Light vs. DarknessWinter/Death vs. Spring/Life
Red as Sacrifice or Passion
- Henry’s wish to be wounded in battle in The Red Badge of Courage
- Julia’s sash in 1984
- Holden’s hunting hat in The Catcher in the Rye
Be sure to check out our article, Archetypes!
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